Redundant Object Pronouns in Spanish

Although by definition, pronouns are words that stand for nouns, it is common in Spanish to use a pronoun, particularly an object pronoun, in addition to the noun it stands for. Such use of redundant object pronouns occurs most commonly in the following situations. When the Object of a Verb Precedes the Verb Placing the object before the verb, while certainly common in Spanish (and possible in English to give a sentence literary flavor), can be at least slightly confusing to the listener. So placing a redundant object pronoun helps make it clearer which noun is the subject of the verb. The redundant object pronoun in these cases is mandatory or nearly so, even when the form of the verb (such as it being plural) might seem sufficient to indicate what the subject and object of the verb are. For example, in the sentence El buffet de desayuno lo tenemos de mià ©rcoles a domingo (We have the breakfast buffet from Wednesday to Sunday), buffet de desayuno is the object of the verb tenemos. The lo (which isnt translated but in this case would be the equivalent of it) is redundant but still required. Some examples, with the redundant object and pronoun in boldface: Al presidente le vamos a preguntar quà © es lo que ha ocurrido. Were going to ask the president what it is that has happened.La piscina la encontramos muy sucia. We found the swimming pool very dirty.Los instrumentos los compraron gracias al apoyo financiero de su madre. They bought the instruments thanks to the financial support of their mother. Youll probably come across the redundant object pronoun most often with gustar and verbs similar to gustar, which normally put the object ahead of the verb. Note that when these verbs are used, they are usually translated with the object in Spanish being the subject of the English translation. A Cristal le gusta estar rodeada de gente. Cristal likes to be surrounded by people.A Sakura le encantaba ir al parque a jugar. Sakura loved going to the park to play. To Provide Emphasis Sometimes, especially in Latin America, the redundant pronoun may be used even when the object appears after the verb in order to provide emphasis. For example, in Gracias a ella lo conocà ­ a à ©l (thanks to her, I met him), the lo remains even though the speaker added a à ©l to call attention to the person the speaker met. We might convey a similar thought in English by placing strong stress on him. When the Object of the Verb Is Todo   Although not required, todo (or its variations) as an object is sometimes accompanied by a redundant pronoun that matches it in number and gender. En sus ojos lo puedo ver todo. In your eyes I can see everything.Tengo mucha fà © que los van a rescatar a todos vivos. I have a lot of faith that they are going to rescue everyone alive. To Repeat the Object of a Verb in a Relative Clause   Sometimes people will use a grammatically unnecessary object pronoun in a relative clause (one that follows a  subordinate conjunction). For example, in Hay otros aspectos del gobierno que los aprendemos (There are other aspects of the government that we learned), the los isnt needed, but it helps link aprendemos to aspectos. This usage isnt particularly common and is sometimes considered grammatically incorrect.

A Compare/Contrast of Hamlet through his foils - Laertes,...

It is without doubt that William Shakespeare has created many unique, thought - provoking characters. Hamlet is by far Shakespeares most compelling character. In Shakespeares play Hamlet, various character traits, exhibited by Hamlet, can be seen through his foils. Similarities with Hamlet and Horatios education, as well as their levels, can be drawn. However, Hamlets character is in constant change and even philosophical. Fortinbras, without question encompasses many of Hamlets qualities. They are both born with nobility, along with a similar lineage. However, Fortinbras is more aggressive and even sneaky. Laertes, Hamlets late antagonist, is both impulsive and righteous. However, they differ in terms of their nobility, as well as†¦show more content†¦When the guards notice activity in the mills, Horatio says, Now, sir, young Fortinbras, Of unimproved mettle hot and full, Hath in the skirts of Norway here and there Sharked up a list of lawless resolutes, For food and diet, to some enterprise That hath a stomach in it, which is no other, ... But to recover of us, by strong hand And terms compulsatory, those foresaid lands So by his father lost. (I,i, 109- 115) In this speech, it is obvious that young Fortinbras is out for revenge. He is not content with what happened to his father. After a visit by the ghost, Hamlet says, Prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell. (II,ii,596). In this soliloquy, Hamlet mentions his existential purpose in life, which is to extract revenge for his father, as he too is unhappy with the current conditions. These two characters share similarities that they have been born into. As much similar they are, Hamlet and Fortinbras have several differences. A major distinction between Hamlet and Fortinbras is that Fortinbras is more aggressive with his intent. In Claudiuss opening speech, he says Of this his nephews purpose, - to suppress His further gait herein, in that the levies, The list and full proportions, are all made Out of his subject. And we here dispatch. (I,ii,30-33) In this speech, it is clear that Fortinbras is more driven in his purpose and has the wheels in motion. In one of Hamlets soliloquys he says, ButShow MoreRelated Contrasting Fortinbras and Laertes with Hamlet Essay1952 Words   |  8 PagesShakespeares tragedy Hamlet, Laertes, Fortinbras and Hamlet find themselves in similar situations.   While Hamlet waits for the right time to avenge his fathers death, Laertes learns of his fathers death and immediately wants vengeance, and Fortinbras awaits his chance to recapture land that used to belong to his father.   Laertes and Fortinbras go about accomplishing their desires quite differently than Hamlet.   While Hamlet acts slowly and carefully, Laertes and Fortinbras seek their revenge withRead MoreTheme Of Revenge In Hamlet1763 Words   |  8 Pagesemotions. Once that individual gets his/her revenge, a feeling of justice is established in the mind. Unfortunately, many people blindly take revenge without thinking of their actions or the consequences and believe that they will be able to move on after they take revenge. Revenge is ultimately placed in the hands of the imp atient individual who tries to control karma and does not want to wait for the universe to take action. One common theme in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, is revenge. This tragedy isRead MoreHamlet Journal Assignments3822 Words   |  16 PagesHamlet by William Shakespeare AP English Literature Journal Assignments The following are journal entries for our reading of Hamlet. Each entry should be completed after we have finished reading and/or viewing that scene in class. The purpose is to prepare you for class discussion; therefore, you should have something written for each entry before we discuss it in class (even if it’s only a question). See Ms. M with questions ahead of time – don’t expect to be given answers in class! Be sure

Project Management Of Rio Carnival Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Project Management Of Rio Carnival. Answer: Project Management The process of achieving the project goals through a series of applied skills and knowledge and methods is known as project management (Young, 2013). Every project has certain goals and objective to be achieved the success or failure of the project depends upon the certain methods those are applied for evaluation of the project (Todorovi? et al.,2015). Like other project management task all process is followed in case of Rio Carnival. In terms of participation one of the most important objectives is discussion about the Brazilians coveted title. Positive factors of the project: Time: Time is the most important factor for the project management. It is a challenge in every project to complete all the task within the allocated time (Javed et al.,2016). The positive thing about the Rio Carnival is that all the tasks those are necessary for the success of the event is done within the mentioned time. Finishing of the tasks within the given time is a strenuous work. However the works associated with the event like Syd, designer for Vila Samba School works for fifteen hours in a day. Costumes for the participating team are made at the time of performance. The same way of arrangement is applied to the sound and lightening. The workers need to deal with the adjustment of sound and lightening at the time of the event to make the final project successful. The whole event is broadcasted and aired over 1500 broadcasts. In order to do this proper cabling and placing the cameras in the proper place is done within the time. Budget: The estimated cost that can be used in order for the successful compilation of the project is called budget (Waring Siegel, 2015). Proper budgeting of the projects helps to achieve the goals of the project in a proper way. The another positive thing about the Rio Carnival is proper budgeting. Rio Carnival includes various events or tasks. This includes the preparation of all teams for the competition purpose and the arrangement of the venue for the performance. The costumes of each team are prepared according to the themes of the each team which requires the resource to buy the material and payment for the labor cost. In order to set the proper light and sound arrangement and preparing the venue ready for the performance certain amount of money is needed. The positive thing is that in order to all these things proper budget is made and all tasks are completed within the estimated budget. Negative factors of the Project: Complexity of the project: Different project has different tasks. The complexity of the project depends on the number of tasks involved in the projects and the degree of involvement of the stakeholders. Some tasks are easy and linear in nature and can be implemented in an easy way. In some cases task can be complex and needs more attention and planning to execute (Ramazani Jergeas, 2015). The compilation of the complex project takes time as the tasks and the events within the project is interrelated with each other. In case of the project management for the Rio Carnival the complexity is in the higher degree as it involves los of tasks to be done. According to the complexity of the Rio Project the degree of effort is given in a higher degree. The workers are needed to work almost day and night to make this event successful. The planning of the event takes almost a year. The success of the event also depends on the several factors like the enjoyment of the audiences and the accuracy of the performances, togetherness among the Brazilians. In order to achieve this workers and organizers are needed to work hard. Pressure on the organizers and participants: The main negative factor of this Rio Carnival is the immense pressure on the organizers and the participants as well. The pressure is all about the success of the project and the acceptance of the event to the audiences. The success of the project depends on the effort that has given to organize the project. This effort is measured from the sides of both participants and the organizers. The individual teams are needed to be performed their best in order to be appreciated by the audiences. Each team has individual theme. Designers like Syd have to prepare the exact costumes those are matching with the theme within a short span of time. The whole work is challenging as the acceptance of performance of each team depends on the design of costumes. References Harvard Business Review Press. (2013). HBR's guide to project management. Boston : Harvard Business Review Press. Javed, S. A., Ahmed, F., Nawaz, M., Sajid, A. (2016). Identification of the Organizational and Managerial Characteristics of Organizations Operating in Project Conducive EnvironmentA Preliminary Study.Durreesamin Journal,2(1). Ramazani, J., Jergeas, G. (2015). Project managers and the journey from good to great: The benefits of investment in project management training and education.International Journal of Project Management,33(1), 41-52. Todorovi?, M. L., Petrovi?, D. ?., Mihi?, M. M., Obradovi?, V. L., Bushuyev, S. D. (2015). Project success analysis framework: A knowledge-based approach in project management.International Journal of Project Management,33(4), 772-783. Waring, M. B., Siegel, L. B. (2015). The only spending rule article you will ever need.Financial Analysts Journal,71(1), 91-107. Young, T. L. (2013). Successful project management.

The perfect storm Essay Example For Students

The perfect storm Essay Heroism in The Perfect Storm The Perfect Storm by Sebastian Junger was an account of an immense storm and its destructive path through the North Atlantic. In late October of 1991, many a crew of several different fishing ships left their port for their final haul. Little did they know that they would soon cross paths with one of the greatest storms ever recorded. This particular storm would create huge swells, high winds, and hard rain. The system was said to be a perfect storm because all of the elements were just right to create the worst imaginable storm ever seen, a hundred-year event, (191) claimed some meteorologists. Such a storm left little room for rescue if ones boat got into trouble. But there were those daring rescues from the Coast Guard during the storm that saved the lives of many and cost the life of one. We will write a custom essay on The perfect storm specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now These men risked their lives for the safety of others; thus, they have earned the title of hero. The pararescue jumpers and pilots, our heroes in The Perfect Storm, had a responsibility to the well being of everyone at sea. When a distress call was made, it was their duty to answer it to the best of their ability. It seemed to the best of their ability meant do the job until they died trying. These men had undergone extensive training in their fields to prepare for such situations as the perfect storm presented them. The PJs had undergone a highly selective process that many Navy SEALS could not complete. And the pilots of the helicopters and jets showed tremendous skill as they navigated through the rough turbulence of the storm. These men were, indeed, the best of the best. To be the best at what one does does not necessarily create a hero for the times. Peak physical shape and sharpness of mind were essential qualities for these heroes in the story. However, there was a little more to their character than what met the eye. These men had all the brute force in the world topped off with a touch of humanity. Humanity allowed them to put themselves in the shoes of the people trapped in the storm. They could then see the gravity of the situation and the importance of their role in their safety. But then again, many readers knew of the danger the crews were in and felt sorry and scared for them at the same time. But you wouldnt catch them out there in the middle of the storm, like a PJ or a pilot, risking their neck for people they did not know. So there had to be another element inside these men in order to separate them from the rest of mankind. They had what some may call, a hint of insanity. They were not insane to take on the task; rather, they had to have a lack of care for their own safety in order to ensure the safety of others. Not many people would be willing to dive into such waters and risk their own lives such as Dave Moore did for the Satori. The perfect storm provided a perfect opportunity for heroes to submerge. Many ships crews were saved because of the humanity and heroism of these rescue teams. But for some ships, like the Andrea Gail, they were caught in the middle of an unforgiving storm and did not have a chance at being rescued. The men and women who risked their own safety in order to save someone elses life have deserved the title of hero. Thanks to the heroism of the PJs and pilots of the Coast Guard, many people lived to tell their story about their experience on the high seas during those fateful October days. Bibliography:N/A

The captain of the Sephora Essay Example

The captain of the Sephora Essay Both Legatt and the captain are unknown to an experienced crew. The captain had been appointed to his position, becoming a complete stranger among men who had worked together for some time. I had been appointed to the command only a fortnight before. Neither did I know much of the hands forward. All these people had been together for eighteen months or so, and my position was that of the only stranger on board. (pg 2) His fellow crew regarded Legatt as a stranger to the Sephora. Seven- and thirty virtuous years at sea, of which over twenty of immaculate command, and the last fifteen in the Sephora (pg 12) I did not encourage that young fellow (pg12) The captain of the Sephora had not felt that Legatt was worthy enough to be a chief mate. . he wasnt exactly the sort for the chief mate of a ship like the Sephora! (pg 17) The captains intense relationship with his secret sharer, Legatt, resolved in him feeling that mentally, two people had become one. The mental feeling of being in two places at once had affected me physically. (pg 20) The captain describes his secret sharer as his double; they are mentally, physically a shadow of each other. I was so identified with my secret double (pg 21) .my other self in there (pg 22) We will write a custom essay sample on The captain of the Sephora specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The captain of the Sephora specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The captain of the Sephora specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The secret partnership Legatt and the captain have, becomes stronger and more apparent as the story unveils. The captain feels he can share anything with his secret sharer. At the beginning of the story, the captain does not know his place and has feelings of inadequacy. It becomes increasingly apparent to the captain that if he fails in his abilities to lead his ship and crew, then his future could be as bleak as Legatts. . and I realised suddenly that all my future, for which I was fit, would perhaps go irretrievably to pieces in any mishap to my first command (pg 26) Near the end of the story, the captain gets in tune with himself and feels confident about his abilities and role as a captain. After choosing to risk the life of himself and his crew in order to save the life of Legatt, he risks everything for the sake of his stranger, to help him reach land so he can begin a new life. The captain skillfully averts destruction and remarks on his new found trust in his crew and his ability as the ships commander. Nothing! No one on the world should stand between us, throwing a shadow on the way of silent knowledge and mute affection, the perfect communication of a seaman with his first command. The captain realises he is in complete control and is confident as a leader of his vessel. His newly discovered trust in his abilities will help in the rest of his journey and the rest of his life. i As a direct result of his relationship with the secret sharer, the captain transforms from an inexperienced and insecure individual to a self assured and stable leader. In the beginning of the story, the captain does not know his place and has feelings of inadequacy. This changes when the captain meets the secret sharer and becomes secure and confident in his duty and his abilities. By releasing him into freedom, he is achieving his own maturation, and for it he is willing to pay a heavy price. After this experience the captain is ready to start a new confident life and guide his ship on its journey. The outcome of the story is that Legatt and the captain both become free, Legatt achieves personal freedom and the captain becomes free of his fears of command. This signifies the final bid they share together freedom.

Supporting Hearing-Impaired Students in Classrooms

Supporting Hearing-Impaired Students in Classrooms Children suffer from hearing loss for a variety of reasons. Genetic factors, illnesses, accidents, problems in a pregnancy (rubella, for instance), complications during birth and several early childhood illnesses, such as mumps or measles, have been found to contribute to hearing loss. Signs of hearing problems include: turning the ear toward the noise, favoring one ear over another, lack of follow through with directions or instructions, seeming distracted and or confused. Other signs of hearing loss in children include turning the television up too loud, delayed speech or unclear speech, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. But the CDC also points out that signs and symptoms of hearing loss differ in each person. A hearing screening or test can assess hearing loss. â€Å"Hearing loss can affect a child’s ability to develop speech, language, and social skills. The earlier children with hearing loss start getting services, the more likely they are to reach their full potential,† the CDC states. â€Å"If you are a parent and you suspect your child has hearing loss, trust your instincts and speak with your child’s doctor.† Hearing-impaired children have a higher risk of developing language-processing difficulties. If left unchecked, these children can have trouble keeping up in class. But this doesn’t have to be the case. Teachers can employ a number of methods to prevent hearing-impaired children from being left behind in school. Strategies for Teachers of Hearing-Impaired Students Here are 10 strategies teachers can use to help hearing-impaired children. They’ve been adapted from the  United Federation of Teachers website. Make sure hearing-impaired students wear amplification devices, such as a frequency modulated (FM) unit that will connect to a microphone for you to wear. â€Å"The FM device allows your voice to be heard directly by the student,† according to the UFT website.Use the child’s residual hearing, as the total hearing loss is rare.Allow hearing-impaired students to sit where they think best, as sitting close to the teacher will help the child to better understand the context of your words by observing your facial expressions.Don’t shout. If the child is already wearing an FM device, your voice will be amplified, as it is.Give interpreters copies of lessons in advice. This will help the interpreter prep the student for the vocabulary used in the lesson.Focus on the child, not the interpreter. Teachers do not need to give interpreters directions to give to the child. The interpreter will relay your words without being asked.Only speak while facing forward. Do not speak with your back to hearing impaired children. They need to see your face for context and visual cues. Enhance lessons with visuals, as hearing impaired children tend to be visual learners.Repeat words, directions, and activities.Make every lesson language-oriented. Have a print-rich classroom with labels on the objects inside.

Paralegal Duties and Case Scenarios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paralegal Duties and Case Scenarios - Essay Example In here, there is relationship called attorney-client relationship. A client-witness is one who has an existing attorney-client relationship with the hired attorney. The client is at the same time a witness or involved in a controversy and the hired attorney is the counsel. A non-client witness may refer to someone who may provide information to an attorney but no attorney-client relationship exists. The importance of an attorney-client relationship during an interview is that any information to be given by the client-witness is covered under the privileged communication rule. The privileged communication rule is a rule on evidence which provides that any information given by the client-witness to the attorney is kept confidential and cannot be divulged by the attorney without permission from the client-witness. On the other hand, the privilege is not applicable on the information gathered from or provided by a non-client witness since there is the absence of attorney-client relationship. The differences between interviewing a client-witness and a non-client witness are based on the fact that the existence or absence of the attorney-client relationship will define what level of participation the witnesses will give to the interviewer. A client-witness is expected to be participative in giving information while the non-client witness may have hesitance or may not give any information at all. As such, different plans and techniques must be provided for each of these kinds of interviewees. In the interview for a client-witness for example, the subject should do most of the talking with less interruptions by the interviewee. The purpose of the interview is to gather as much information that will help the interviewee generate relevant and useful ideas for the controversy. Questions are reserved for the latter part of the interview so as to preserve the continuity of the interviewee's statements. If there are questions that need to be clarified, the attorney can always call the client-witness anytime. On the other hand, interviewing a non-client witness entails selection of questions to be answered by the interviewee. Since most of the times the interviewee is non-participative, the interviewer should initiate the interview by asking questions. Usually, the purpose of the interview is to get an admission or confession or statements which can be admissible evidences so questions should be relevant. If the questions relate to the interviewee's participation in a controversy before a court, the interviewee should be reminded of his or her Miranda rights to make the statements or answers admissible in court proceedings. Case 2 The National Federation of Paralegal Associations (NFPA) on its research concluded that the privilege communication rule on attorney-client relationship and the ethical standards for attorneys also apply to paralegals. And under the NFPA own rules, code of ethics, and professional responsibility, paralegals are expected to avoid conflicts of interest in handling cases. Conflict of interest may arise when a paralegal will work both for the conflicting parties in a controversy. Under ethical considerations, a paralegal should refuse to accept a client whom he knows to be an adversary to a case he currently holds or previously held. He should not also desire to get

Cris Isaak Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cris Isaak - Essay Example After three albums that didn't sell, his career was going nowhere fast. Then a movie gave new life to his single, "Wicked Game," and suddenly he was on his way to the big time. Welcome to the club. Bruce Springsteen was calling for tickets. So was Madonna. And Sean Penn. And Sylvester Stallone. And Laura Dern. And Rickie Lee Jones. And Mickey Rourke. And some of the cast from Twin Peaks. They all wanted to see one of the most compelling rock & roll acts to hit the Top Ten in years: Chris Isaak. ``Bruce called about tickets?'' says Isaak, every inch the Fifties-style rocker in his tight black jeans, pointed shoes, white T-shirt and brown leather motorcycle jacket, as he looks up from his plate of noodles at a cheap Thai restaurant on Sunset Boulevard. In a few hours he will headline a sold-out show at the Wiltern Theater, in Hollywood. Adopting the voice of a rube, Isaak, who grew up in Stockton, California, drawls: ``They gonna give 'em free tickets? They git in for free?'' He's grinning now. ``Come on, Bruce,'' he says. ``You sittin' on a big ol' pile uh loot. Git up off it!'' ... Fingering a wooden tiki head that hangs around his neck for good luck, he says: Five years from now, it could be like Oh, man, him Plays a guitar. Everybody else has got keyboards, he's still got guitars.' Or in ten years: Oh, those guys still actually try to sing. It's boring. They sing.' You never know.'' Isaak adjusts a pair of wraparound shades that look like something Jean-Paul Belmondo wore in the Jean-Luc Godard classic Breathless. As if he were quoting from some official music-business rule book, he says, Usually, right after you make it, you can count about seven years until people go, How totally square.' '' The ship has sailed,'' one Warner Bros. executive told Isaak's manager-producer, Erik Jacobsen, in the summer of 1989. The ship has already sailed.'' The meaning of those words couldn't have been clearer. Heart Shaped World, Isaak's third album, was dead; the company had no interest in spending another dime promoting it. Jacobsen contends there was never much enthusiasm at Warners for Heart Shaped World. Executives from the company had flown up to San Francisco to hear it that spring. Not a favorable word was spoken,'' he says about the awkward playback session. It was just the most deadly reaction that I have ever seen to anything in my life. As for getting it on the radio, all they said was Tough, very tough, extremely tough.' '' For Isaak, those were dark days. Although he was loved by the media when his debut album, Silvertone, was released in 1985, his songs didn't get on the radio and his videos never made it onto MTV in any kind of meaningful rotation. No less an authority on authentic American rock & roll than John Fogerty described Isaak as being like a skyscraper against the

The Benefits of Home Schooling Essay Example for Free

The Benefits of Home Schooling Essay The education in our public schools has been on the down slope for many years. With the increased amount of drugs, school shootings, and other dementia in these schools, more and more parents are making the choice to home school their children. Although many people claim that public education is better and more suitable for children, many facts and statistics show that home schooling is equally, if not more, beneficial. Home schooling parents have many different reasons for choosing to home school their children. According to the Parent-NHES:1999 (http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2001033), almost 50 percent of the home schooled students whose parents were surveyed said that the reason for choosing to home school their children was because their child would have a better education at home. Most children would be able to learn better at home because they are able to learn at their own pace while, in public schools, they have to learn at the pace the teacher sets, which may be too fast or too slow for different students. Also, at home, the child is able to have more hands-on activities and be more in touch with nature and the outside world and even include many of these things in his or her studies. Most parents object when someone teaches their children and idea or theory contrary to theirs or teaches them something the parent does not deem appropriate, which occasionally happens in public school. This is also one of the more popular reasons for parents to choose to home school over public school. Home schooling allow the parent to instill upon their children moral and religious values without having anyone else, such as in public school, try to change that. The children can grow up with the rest of the family in the religious and proper surrounding that the parent provides, with no boundaries as to what they can teach. Most children go to school for 7-8 hours a day with 20-30 students in the classroom and only one teacher. It is very difficult for a teacher to have  one-on-one contact with each student each day. Let us say that an elementary school teacher has 20 children in her class for 8 hours a day, and she wanted to have one-on-one tutoring with each student. That would let her have 24 minutes for each student, which is definitely not enough time for the teacher to get a whole days worth of teaching in. when at home, the child can have one-on-one tutoring all the time and it would take them a whole lot less time than 7 or 8 hours to get through with all their work for the day. Just over a quarter of home schooled students whose parents participated in the Parent-NHES:1999 gave the reason of Poor learning environment at school for choosing to home school their children. A good and safe school environment is a place where teachers are able to teach and students are able to learn in a warm environment, without the fear of intimidation and violence. Students who are afraid to go to school because they feel unsafe or unaccepted by their teachers or peers could find it hard to concentrate on their studying, which would obviously prevent them from doing well in school. Health Canada (Trends in the Health of Canadian Youth. 1999) surveys have recorded that bullying victims are more likely to have low self-esteem, matters are made worse when they are harassed by other students. The public schools can try to lessen this mistreatment, but there is really nothing they can do to stop it completely. Some people who have objections to home schooling argue that home schooled students have low self-esteem because they are schooled at home rather than in public school. In 1992, Larry Shyers conducted a study to test the difference between the self-esteem of 70 home schooled children and 70 traditionally schooled children, both groups between the ages of eight and ten. Using the Piers-Harris Childrens Self-Concept Scale, a regularly used way of measuring self-esteem, there was no difference found between the two groups of children. (Larry Edward Shyers obtained his PH.D. degree at the University of Florida in part by conducting the research reported in his thesis, Comparison of Social Adjustment Between Home and Traditionally Schooled Students.) For many parents, one of the better benefits of home schooling their children is that the family can spend more time together. Most families whose children are in public school never get to spend quality time together, because they never have time. The kids leave for school in between 7:15 and 8:15 and do not return until 3 or 4, or even later if they participate in extracurricular activities. Then they come home and they have to do their homework and there is barely any time left for family time. Almost 17 percent of home schooled students are home schooled for this reason. A great benefit of home schooling is the flexible schedule. Vacations and other outings can be planned for times when the family is ready and oftentimes when the crowds are smaller and the costs are lower. The children do not have to worry about missing school and having to make up work because they can easily take their work along with them or just make it up later. Also, with the flexible schedule, the children can learn at their own pace. If they understand something completely, they can just breeze right through it. IF they do not understand something else very well, they can take as much time as needed for them to understand. In the same year that Larry Shyers completed his doctoral degree thesis research on home schooling socialization, Thomas Smedley completed research for a masters degree at Radford University in Virginia with a similar experiment (Socialization of Home School Children A Communication Approach. http://www.members.aol.com/to Msmedley/smedleys.htm). Smedley states that John Dewey, the Father of modern public education, emphasized the fact that socialization is the primary goal of the educational process. Smedley referred to Deweys Moral Principles in Education, stating that if Deweys conviction was summarized as a research hypothesis, it would read: Public education aims for, and will result in, great social competence for children On page 11 in Deweys book, he said that, Apart from participation in social life, the school has no moral end nor aim. In Smedleys thesis, he investigated the assumption that public school  teaches students socialization better than home schooling. The subjects of this experiment were 33 children, 20 home schooled and 13 public schooled. He evaluated the childrens socialization and daily living skills using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. The scores the children received when combined, reflected their maturity levels. After all data was processed using the Statistical Program for the Social Sciences, it was shown that home schooled children were much better socialized and more mature than the public schooled children. The overall conclusion we would come to is that home schooling parents are providing the adequate social needs for a child. Socialization is the big opposing factor when people are considering home schooling their children. Many people think that home schooled children do not have many friends, but that is only true if that is what the parents choose for their children. Since home schooled students do not have friends in school with them, they find other places to socialize, such as church, Scout groups, athletic teams, home schooling support groups and other places. They also find other ways to spend their time, such as volunteering in the community, like working at nursing homes or the libraries. By participating in the community, home schooled children are around many different people of different backgrounds and ages, so they are very comfortable with just about anyone. For most home schooled children, doing their work for the day only takes a few hours compared to the 7 or 8 hours in public schools; there are no questions from the parents about whether the learning environment is safe or whether the children are being taught something contrary to what they believe; the schedule is very flexible; they have better speaking skills and are more comfortable with being around a variety of people rather the public schoolers; and there are many more benefits than those discussed in this report. But hopefully, those examples will be enough to show that home schooling really is equally, if not more, beneficial.

Lev Vygotsky Theories Analysis

Lev Vygotsky Theories Analysis Lev Vygotsky was a developmental psychologist born in Russia in 1896 in Byelorussia and passed away in 1934 due to Tuberculosis. Throughout his lifetime Vygotsky went from Medical school to law school, from law school to literature, and from literature to psychology. Although he was in the five percent of Jews allowed to attend a university he wasnt allowed to study to be the teacher that he desired to be. After finding an interest in psychology he began to explore child development and child psychology. He graduated from the University of Moscow with a degree in literature. According to Vygotsky the overall goal of education is to generate and lead development which is the result social learning through internalization of culture and social relationships. (The Educational Theory of Lev Vygotsky: an analysis) Lev Vygotsky was intrigued by the relationship between learning and human development. In addition to his theories he wrote over a hundred books and articles that were all stored in a secret library and were not published until after his death. His two major recognized pieces are The Psychology of Art and The crisis in Psychology. Two of his main concepts were inner speech and the zone of proximal development. Vygotsky believed that inner speech is what guides a childs planning and other thought processes. He also believed that learning leads development and the immaturity of students conscious awareness and mastery of their thinking at a school age and sets the stage for his concept of the zone of proximal development (Education Encyclopedia: Lev Vygotsky). Vygotskys theory is called sociocultural because it focuses on how values, beliefs, skills, and traditions are transmitted to the next generation. He considered the child as a whole, and believed in a connection between culture a nd development. He believed that childrens skills and interactions varied by culture and that a child learns through family not through stages. Vygotsky thought that a large amount of learning was through play because language and development are built upon each other. When a mentor thinks that a student is ready for a new challenge and can conquer the challenge almost independently, a zone of proximal development is drawn. It is a range of learning that would be what a child can learn on its own but better with the help of someone else. Scaffolding involves encouragement and assistance in the form of advice and suggestions to aid a child in mastering a new concept (Davison). Through what Vygotsky called dialogues, we socially interact and communicate with others to learn the cultural values of our society. The sociocultural theory suggests that learning is active and constructive. Vygotsky claimed that interaction and direct teaching were critical aspects of a childs cognitive deve lopment and that a childs level of thinking could be advanced by such interaction. Language is socially based and childrens speech during age three to seven is tied to what children think. The development of language is considered to be a major principle of Vygotskys sociocultural theory. The language of a certain group of people indicates their cultural beliefs and value system. He thinks that children gradually grow intellectually and begin to function on their own because of assistance. He also says that a childs cognitive abilities increase through exposure to information that is new, interesting, and easy to understand. When children play and cooperate with others they learn what is important in their society and advance cognitively in their understanding of the world. The sociocultural theory suggests that development is a reciprocal transaction between the people in a childs environment and the child. According to Vygotsky, people and settings influence a child and in return influences the people and settings. He also suggested that children with and without disabilities be taught together, he thought isolation would hinder social Development. As a constructivist, Vygotsky believed that learning is affected by the context in which an idea is taught as well as by students beliefs and attitudes. Vygotsky felt that learning happens before development can occur and that children learn because of history and symbolism. Lev Vygotsky is considered a seminal thinker in psychology, and much of his work is still being discovered and explored today. While he was like Skinner, Pavlov, Freud and Piaget, his work never attained their level of acknowledgement during his lifetime. Part of this was because his work was often criticized by the Communist Party in Russia, and so his writings were largely inaccessible to the Western world, his early death at age 38 also contributed. Vygotsky was one of the first people to recognize and acknowledge the importance of culture and as today becomes more multicultural the sociocultural theory is helping us understand the influences on development. In conclusion, cognitive development plays a key role in learning and thinking methods of children. Vygotsky offers some incredible insight into the possible ways children learn and by using these theories it is possible to create a more conducive learning environment for each child. I believe that principles such as scaffoldi ng, co-constructed knowledge, dialogue, and cultural tools are all important components of a students knowledge acquisition. By helping students within their zone of proximal development, we offer them useful learning strategies which they internalize and utilize later. Works Cited Browne, Gordon. Beginnings and Beyond. Thomson Delmar Learning , n.d. -. Beginnings and Beyond. Thompson, n.d. Davison, Brandi. Piaget Vs. Vygotsky. Ac Associated Content 08 December 2006. Feldmen, Robert. Child Development 5th edition. Prentice Hall, n.d. Gredler, Margaret E. Education Encyclopedia: Lev Vygotsky. 10 23 2009. . K. Geonnotti, D. Passalacqua. The Educational Theory of Lev Vygotsky: an analysis. 2007. .

Dementia Care

EIGHT CAREGIVING MAXIMS FOR DEALING WITH PERPLEXING BEHAVIOURS ?Don’t try and stop people with dementia from doing something just because it isn’t being done â€Å"properly†. Give them time to do things in their own way at their own pace. ?People with dementia understand far more than they are ever given credit for. Take care what is said in their presence and don’t exclude them from conversations or decisions. Bossiness is Just Not On. It’s very easy to confuse â€Å"caring† with â€Å"controlling† and nothing winds up any one of us more than the sense that someone else is controlling our lives. And if someone can’t find the words to protest, then resistance or aggressive actions will ensue. ?Ask the question, â€Å"Who is it a problem for – us or them? † If it’s us, we should be old and ugly enough to let things ride.Does it really matter that he wants to go to bed with his trousers on, doesn’t want a wash right now, eats mashed potato with his fingers, says there are little green men in the garden? Don’t scold, argue or contradict. Go With the Flow, however bizarre it seems. ?Preserve their autonomy for as long as possible by giving them choice (e. g. in what clothes to wear) and celebrate what they can still do, rather than bemoan what they can’t. ?There is always a reason for agitation – often something or somebody in the environment.Try to spot the cause and change it if possible. ?If they can’t enter our world, we must enter theirs and affirm it. Forget reality orientation – what day is it, where are you, who’s the Prime Minister – who cares? Enjoy fantastic adventures with them in their â€Å"real† world instead. Be prepared to time-travel backwards into their personal history. ?Look behind the illness and reach out to the frightened person still in there who needs to feel secure, respected and cherished.

Augustinian Theodicy

The Augustinian Theodicy From Augustine in his booke ‘Confessions' in 397AD. His argument was that God is good and created a world perfectly good and free from defection, evil & suffering. Based on Genesis 1-3 ‘Either God cannot abolish evil, or he will not. If he cannot, he is not all-powerful, if he will not he is not all-good. ‘ Augustine ‘The believer must have, in a cool moment, a solution to the problem of evil. If he does not, his faith is not rational†¦ ‘ Richard Swinburne The perfect world – â€Å"God saw all that he had made and saw that it was good. Genesis – Evil is a privation of good as darkness is a privation of light. – Humanity has free will to choose good over evil. The Fall – Natural & moral evil exist because things fell short of what God intended. – â€Å"The penalty of sin corrects the dishonour of sin† Augustine. – God shouldn't intervene because evil is the price of freedom. H umans can't overcome the inevitably of them sinning. – The fall marks the entrance of evil into the world. (The fall being Adam's mistake). – Humanity has an inherent guilt as descendants of Adam & Eve (original sin).We have to ‘put up with' what we have indirectly done to the Universe. The punishment for the original sin is ‘seminally present'. Intervention – There is hope through Jesus for all. This is a God given opportunity for those with good intentions to find a selfish reason for doing good. – Augustine's theodicy is soul-deciding. Meaning we have a choice of path metaphorically in life. In this way Augustine tries to prove the righteousness of God. By showing that God was right not to intervene when we chose to do wrong against God.And that giving us the choice of giving our life to christ is a act of generosity. However this contradicts the idea of him being all-loving as this theodicy tells us that God would let there be a way to bri ng evil & suffering into the world. But if he did not mean this, it either contradicts the fact that he is all-knowing or all-powerful. Basically†¦ God made a perfect world (is this true? ), humans committed the original sin (God does not have control), evil took the world, God didn't intervene (as a just punishment), but he gave us a way to desire to be perfect.Natural evil – came through the loss in nature after ‘the fall' Moral evil – came through the new knowledge of good and evil which was discovered through disobedience. Punishments: Separation from God. Expulsion from the garden of Eden. They must now live in a fallen world. Pain in childbirth. Struggle with the earth to yield a harvest. Tension between man and woman. Physical death. Old testament – God sends the law & prophets to try and restore the relationship between humans and God. But these methods fail, leading to Jesus. New Testament – God sends Jesus. In Augustine's eyes this wa s the best God had to offer.

Patrilineal and Matrilineal Descent Groups

Patrilineal and Matrilineal Descent Groups Often referred to as agnatic, patrilineal descent is an affiliation arrangement of a society where the lineage and ancestry is drawn from the male link. Through the great ancestors to the current generation, family tree concentrates on the male members. For instance, ancestry is passed through the grandfather, to his son, to his grandson, and to his great grandson in the same sequence.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Patrilineal and Matrilineal Descent Groups specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, matrilineal descent, commonly known as uterine descent, is an affiliation in the family ancestry which concentrates on the ancestress. From a generation to another, descent is passed through an intertwined series of female dichotomy. Unlike Cognatic descent, which embrace the male and female links simultaneously, Patrilineal and Matrilineal descents are independent of each other and often exist as whole in a s pecific society depending on the traditional circumstances from which acculturation used to operate, and still does. Different societal settings tend to embrace and associate with different descent groupings controlled by exchange restraint which is an organized alliance of systems functioning concurrently to maintain and transfer tangible kinship validation ‘certificate’. For example, in a patrilineal descent, the descent group is composed of both the females and males sired by a father belonging to the patriarchal affiliation. However, the descent of the mother is matrilineal. Analogously, the same scenario is true for a matrilineal decent. In role assignment, one society might consider patrilineal decent affiliation for certain responsibilities such as political functions, and the other embrace matrilineal descent in inheritance channeling. Matrilineal descent is still common in the Kingdom of Msuati of Swaziland. In this society, the political goodwill is only viabl e when the aspirant is endorsed by his matrilineal affiliations. In Palestine, inheritance channeling is exclusively determined by the fact that such an individual, irrespective of sex, belongs to a patrilineal descent. The foundation of the American constitution was laid on the solid equal rights plate. Overtime, irrespective of gender, American culture has embraced independence and autonomy as families adopt nuclear affiliations as opposed to extended family ties.Advertising Looking for report on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As these families grow smaller and smaller, the majority has finally accepted every member of their families as equals when allocating resources, opportunities, and roles. This trend has necessitated the adoption of Cognatic descent, which is a fusion between matrilineal and patrilineal descents (Schultz and Lavenda 48). Class and Caste Systems of Stratification While class seg mentation is temporary, a caste system is permanent. Across the globe, economic, political, and social circumstances may trigger upward, neutral, and downward nobilities characterized by a change in the social class an individual belongs to. However, a caste is a ‘permanent tag caste on a stone’ on an individual irrespective of the class. Thus, it is in order to categorically quantify the fact that class is dependent on opportunities such as education, income variance, employment, and infrastructure. In contrast, caste system is of social inherency and physical from birth, and is organized in such away that it will determine types of lifetime opportunities assigned permanently to that caste (Schultz and Lavenda 87). In caste system, the type of job, marriage partner, and social groupings is determined by social ideology or religious dogma deeply rooted and embraced by the society in which it exists. On the other hand, in class affiliation, these factors are not determin ed by a religious ideology; rather, they are determined by education level, hard work, and talents among others. Besides, there is complete freedom and ability to move, make decisions on occupation, and lifestyle. Although caste system is illegal across many societies and countries across the globe, the system is still deeply rooted in Indian where the type of job, marriage partner, religious role, and social group is determined by the caste of such an individual. The social structure of the United States of America functions in class system stratification though inclusive of hidden discrepancies associated with caste system such as discrimination of the minorities due to skin color, gender, race, nationality, and religion since it is a state acquired in life and not determined by birth. Often, Americans who practice Islamic religious are prone to harassment by C.I.A and the Homeland Security for baseless allegations of terrorism affiliation. Though practiced in small scale, the dis trict courts are pilled with cases on racism slug due to skin color and belonging to a minority group especially Latino and Negro.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Patrilineal and Matrilineal Descent Groups specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Social Change Being an intriguing idea, social change focuses on a mirrored reflection of what a society would like to visualize from a string of intertwining ideas. Social change involves impersonal consciousness, stepwise process, and absolute necessity assumptions aimed at creating a sustainable, friendly, and acceptable irksome feeling. The reactive process to these components is what is referred to as social change. At quantitative level, this continuous process embraces both ecological dimension and internal operation engine as a measure of variance between the former and the later result when these occurrences fuse. Change advocacy is a necessity towards actualizing ideas a cceptable to the society. Irrespective of the social and economic climate in which change agents operate, the questions to consider in change advocacy revolves around policy solutions, engagement, administration, and change argumentation. In the America society, citizens have adopted bureaucratic, ideological, legislative, and mass appeal to advocate for change (Schultz and Lavenda 79). Under the bureaucratic arrangement, individual involved is often an expert with vast experience in the subject of change. For instance, in the new health plan proposed by the Obama administration, experts have presented a well researched optional approach into health provision to the government decision makers with an intention of convincing this group to accept their proposal. In practicing ideological advocacy as a means of influencing change, individuals sharing the same ideology mobilize together in protests and demonstrations to express their dissatisfactions to the decision making organs for ap propriate actions. Across the societies of the world, it is a common occurrence to spot protesting workers and unions due to low wages and poor working conditions. Specifically, this criterion is almost succeeding in Yemen where the mass have mobilized to protest against poor governance and mismanagement. On the facets of legislative approach, an individual might opt to use the constitutional law courts to present a proposal, complaint, or complement with an intention of convincing the decision making academy to buy such ideas. Here, the basis of arguments is based on federal legislative process. Mass advocacy is the most common approach used by change agents to pass information on the necessity and purpose of change. In the Arab society, the people have successfully practiced this approach to petition leaders believed to be of authoritarian school of thought.Advertising Looking for report on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From Libya to Egypt in Africa, the people have successfully used the social media to influence opinion of the mass and gain their support. In the end, the seasoned leaders were misplaced and displaced by the mass influence organized in continuous solidarity protests. Besides, assimilation approach has bared fruit among the gays and lesbians in America. The members of this group have managed to convince the society on the need to coexist by employing civil rights movements, public protests, and race riots as actualized by the sin city sisters of Las Vegas. Marriage Patterns In defining marriage, anthropologists formulate valid cross-cultural variations of modern and traditional forms. Thus, in traditional definition, marriage is a permanent union organizing parents and children in a domestic arrangement with each member having defined roles to play within institutionalized patterns. In the modern definition, marriage is a permanent and exclusive union of a man and a woman with define d parental responsibilities and sex rights. Monogamy marriage limits the individual in this union to a partner at a time. Marriage arrangement is thus between a man and a woman in a permanent union. On the other hand, polygyny marriage is a union of a man to more than one female as practiced in several societies of Africa and Asia since time in sundry. This may also occur in the form of serial polygyny under which the union occurs seriatim. Polyandry marriage is a union of a woman to more than one man. When the men in this arrangement are brothers, it is referred to as fraternal polyandry. These forms of marriage unions exist in different societies depending on acculturation and societal beliefs and values (Schultz and Lavenda 89). In the traditional society of the Asian culture, men were considered complete and respect accorded on the number of wives a man had. The religion demanded that men had to marry and take care of many women as a symbol of continuation. Polyandry functioned in West Ghana in the 18th century. This culture was adopted and practiced by members of this society who idolized women as goddess of continuation and a link from a generation to another. Monogamy is the most common type of marriage in the contemporary society. This practice can be attributed to economic hardships, religion, and modernization which has librated women as equals of men. The existence of these forms of marriages has been influenced by the type of religion, economic status, and traditional practices upon which the society is founded. Essence of Cultural Anthropology Since the commencement of this semester, I have learnt to appreciate the essence of culture as part and parcel of an individual existing in any society. Culture is as complex as the society itself. Culture consists of unique identity symbolism, language, politics, and religion. The deep knowledge on culture is of essence in appreciating and reflecting on behavior and understanding inter and intra personal de scent. In addition, I have learnt to appreciate different theories on culture developed to explain the uniqueness and geographical setting of cultures in America and a cross the globe. The most interesting concepts in this class were the organization dimensions, marriage and family, and globalization as defined by different theories in cultural anthropology. Specifically, organization dimension widen my scope in understanding functionality of a system. However, the caste system as practiced in India drew various arguments especially with the modernization in the 21st century. Though research confirmed the existence of this system in some parts of India, it is almost impossible to live with the reality of a generational existence pegged merely on dogmatic ideology in a planet where everyone has become a global citizen. Schultz, Emily, and Lavenda, R. Cultural Anthropology: A Perspective on the Human  Condition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. Print.

Land Rover Case

Land Rover Case Land Rover CaseAfter an extensive research regarding consumer demands for SUV's - there seems to be an increasing demand to develop SUV's to accommodate a consumers' safety, price value, usage purpose, and luxury needs to foster the constant change in consumer tastes and preferences. In order to satisfy these criteria, the ability to position the SUV correctly while targeting the appropriate consumers will determine the overall firm wide success in the future.Due to staggering costs that are required in purchasing and maintaining a Land Rover, the target market to position their fleet of cars should be geared towards those who are more likely to afford the vehicle. In Exhibit 1, the average buyers for Land Rovers have incomes of at least $100, 000. This expensive and luxury brand association with Land Rover will nonetheless be instilled in the minds of consumers as the luxury car alternative that tackles any on/off-road challenges, while adapting and conforming with the constant chan ge in trends, styles, and tastes of the typical American consumer.a Sussex Police Land Rover DefenderOriginally designed and marketed as a general-purpose vehicle that provided countryside workers with an efficient mean of transportation, there is now a new and untapped market opportunity for development and expansion to attract suburban and city dwellers to enter this market for SUV's. This market development to expand operations will penetrate into the largest automotive industry in the world, the United States. The growing demand to own a safe and dependable SUV to fulfill the needs of an average family of four to five is another great opportunity to quickly emerge as the leader into this market for SUV's. If Land Rover reacts quickly in an expansion plan for productions and operations, market domination can result from the foreseeable profitability in the long run.Land Rover's image as having...

Small Business Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Small Business Strategies - Essay Example In recent years, truck foods have tremendously grown. This tremendous resurgence had been fueled various factors including technological advancements in the food production industry, post-recessionary factors among others. Technology has taken part in a significant role in the development of truck food industry. The manufacturers of food production equipment have effectively managed to develop equipment that are effective in terms their mobility, reliability as well as environmental friendliness. In most cases, food truck businesses are sole proprietorship businesses. In this form of business, the business is owned by one person. The most important feature of this form of business and in particular to a truck food business the regulations do not make any peculiarity between the business and the sole proprietor. Virtually, all government regulations that are associated the owner covers the business. Food trucks are a question to the same choice of concern just like other food service business. Most they have a fixed address to receive deliveries of supplies. In other cases, a commercial kitchen may be required for the preparation of food. There are various forms of permits and licenses that may be required for a food truck business to be operational. Additionally, the business may require certification from the public health departments to ensure that the health code is observed. Although the legal requirements and definition for food truck businesses may vary depending on the location some typical elements include business as well as liability insurance, a commercial vehicle operator registration of the truck, a work permit for the area in which the business will be operated, food handler certificate, the necessary driver licenses for the truck driver among other requirements (Weber 139). After acquiring the necessary legal requirements, starting a truck food business is just like any other form of business. Apparently, the

Any company of the ones in the Quesation paper Case Study

Any company of the ones in the Quesation paper - Case Study Example Key elements of IBM's web strength are listed below: 1) IBM has highly reliable web infrastructure used to host its website and is available 24X7. 2) It has adopted its own web services platform known as Websphere for hosting its web services. 3) Back-end is hosted on its robust server infrastructure consisting of IBM mainframes. 4) The website is intuitive and easy to use, without complicated English or too much of technical words - IBM's site is one of the simplest to read and understand. 5) The web services are country-specific covering all services for a given country. This is a huge competitive advantage because IBM operates out of more than 170 countries! 6) The 'support and services' part of its website is designed very well - it is simple and easy to use. 7) It's e-commerce facilities are built on its own CommercePOINT platform - The platform details are shown below: Picture 2 - Source: wolrath.com 8) It has solid partner services in the form of 'IBM Partnerworld' - All partner business facilities are available as part of this website. 9) It has a very robust data warehouse and business intelligence back-end to interpret web requests and serve the relevant information. Competitive Advantages of web services The key elements that make IBM stand out apart from its competitors such as HP, Accenture and others are as follows: a) The Websphere web services platform has become very popular and it is even used by competitors today for packaging and use web application services. b) Its back-end mainframes are very robust and are built with the longest duration of research and development within the market. c) Its country-specific services are completely localized to individual countries and this has proven very useful for marketing and sales targeted at...It is therefore chosen as the subject of this business analysis. The analysis is divided into three parts as follows: d) IBM is a big supporter of open source development. It has built a separate web facility called 'DeveloperWorks' to help software and IT professionals. This is hugely popular and is seen as an advantage over competitors. e) The PartnerWorld web portal for its developers is used very well by its several partners. IBM has been a strong partnering company right from the beginning and this strength has come over to its web services for the partners as well. IBM has been a company of radical change all through its decades of existence. The Organization is traditionally known to be very conservative and formal in its management style - but surprisingly, it has made very strong and firm moves repeatedly to meet changing market conditions and demands. Major changes are discussed below: i. The turning point in IBM's history was when the company decided to enter the field of digital computers (manufacturing) in the early 1950's.

Reading a Health Record Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading a Health Record - Coursework Example Abdomen: Benign, Genitalia: normal with red sacral area. Extremities 3+ pitting edema to the knees. Neurological: good and on track. The patient doesn’t sleep well, has increased pedal edema and no symptoms of coughing or fever. X-ray displays Left pleural effusion, congestive heart failure and pneumonia. In the case of patient assessment with cognitive heart failure, left pleural effusion and pneumonia a dosage of Diurese was administered, four antibiotics, blood cultures and sputum test. The patient is admitted and put on bed rest with oxygen mask. Behavioral problem – patient constantly complaining of poor living conditions of the facility, staff and food. She doesn’t want to sleep in her room. Causal factor appears to having trouble with anger or adjustment problem and severe end-stage cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy is caused by hardening of the arteries responsible for bringing blood into the heart. As the arteries narrow the heart lacks oxygen and gradually it becomes difficult for the heart to pump blood. This condition is diagnosed when heart has irregular heartbeat and fractional ejection is lower. Fractional ejection can be tested through MRI of heart, echocardiogram, cardiac blood pooling image and gated SPECT. Change of certain lifestyle habits that lead to heart failure. Introduction of a Pacemaker to help the heart beat slow down or beat normally. There are surgery procedures like angioplasty and cardiac catheterization that helps good flow of blood in the veins. If a patient fails all treatment then heart transplant would be the only alternative left. (Libby & Braunwald, 2008) The patient was put under the right diagnosis given her symptoms and the treatment of the disease. The patient tested positive for Ischemic cardiomyopathy. The patient displayed all symptoms as projected in the hospital records that matched the

Time in the Great Gatsby Essay Example for Free

Time in the Great Gatsby Essay People of the Old Money are a tight-knit group; their connections with other rich and powerful families have been created in the past and maintained for a long time, so they possess a certain amount of grace, taste and social subtlety that other classes lack. These connections, and other factors, are what make this social class powerful, and therefore they are able to stay safe and comfortable behind their money and status. In the final chapters, Daisy commits an unpardonable crime by running Myrtle down while driving Gatsbys car. Myrtle dies, but Daisy, because of her money and status, escapes without accepting any responsibility. Gatsby represents New Money. Such nouveau-riche has gained wealth in the post-war economic boom of the 20s, and in Gatsbys case, through illegal activities. However, even with the acquisition of immense wealth, Fitzgerald shows it is impossible for a person born into a lower class to move up the hierarchy. Many of these people are ostentatious and lack the social graces and taste of the Old Money class. This factor is obvious in Gatsbys monstrous mansion, his yellow Rolls Royce and his weekly parties. In fact, the whole of West Egg is described as vulgar (Daisy), if seen through the eyes of the more dignified and reserved residents of East Egg. When the Buchannans attend one of Gatsbys parties, Daisy is appalled by West Egg, stating that it had raw vigour that chafed under the old euphemisms. (pg. 103) Despite his wealth, it is apparent that Gatsby will never fully belong to the Old Money class. This is explained when Tom, Mr Sloane and a lady visit Gatsbys house. When the lady includes Gatsby in the invitation to her house for supper, he completely misses the subtle reluctance in her offer and accepts. The fact that the offer was just out of politeness can be seen when Tom states, Doesnt he know she doesn’t want him? (pg. 100) Furthermore, Gatsby does not have any social connections with other aristocratic people, and this is shown best when he distances himself from his guests. Gatsby can never really escape his humble origins. He was essentially herded†¦ along a short cut from nothing to nothing (pg. 03) Nothing symbolises his poverty-stricken boyhood, but also foreshadows that eventually, he will end up with nothing. He has played host to a multitude of people at his extravagant parties, but dies friendless and almost alone. In the America of the 1920s, many people acquired wealth, but that did not guarantee acceptance into the ranks of those who were considered Old Money. As a novel about wealth, Fitzgerald makes a distinct s tatement that Gatsby, a representative of the New Money group, does not have the innate qualities of people such as Tom and Daisy. Thus, it is impossible for these classes to integrate completely.

Motivation In The Workplace Essay -- Business Management

Motivation in the workplace is one of the major concerns that managers face when trying to encourage their employees to work harder and do what is expected of them on a day-to-day basis. According to Organizational Behavior by John R. Schermerhorn, James G. Hunt and Richard N. Osborn the definition of motivation is "the individual forces that account for the direction, level, and persistence of a person's effort expended at work." They go on to say that "motivation is a key concern in firms across the globe." Through the years there have been several theories as to what motivates employees to do their best at work. In order to better understand these theories we will apply them to a fictitious organization that has the following three types of employees: salespeople, production workers, and administrative staff. We will discuss which of these theories would or would not be most effective to motivate these employee groups and try to explain why. The motivation theories that will be discussed are: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, ERG (Aldefer), Two-Factor Theory (Herzberg), Equity Theory (Adams), and the Expectancy Theory (Vroom). Let's start with salespeople. Salespeople Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory says that there are five levels of individual needs from self-actualization and esteem at the top levels, to social, safety and physiological levels at the bottom. Maslow felt that some of these needs are more important than others and that the important ones must be satisfied before the rest of a person's needs can be satisfied. Since a salespersons basic responsibility is to sell merchandise this motivational theory would not be a good choice for an organization to use to motivate them. The reason for this is because s... ...nt from one culture to another and even from one individual to another. Clayton Alderfer's ERG theory emphasizes a unique frustration-regression component. This means a lower-level need can become activated when a higher-level need cannot be satisfied. This would not be a good motivation theory for administrative staff since their goal is to usually get ahead. Both the Equity and Expectancy theories focus on thought processes. The equity theory may or may not motivate administrative staff depending on how each individual perceives the fairness of their work outcomes relative to others. The Expectancy theory does not specify which rewards will motivate particular groups of workers. Individual motivation directly determines work effort, and the key to motivation is the ability to create a work setting that positively responds to individual needs and goals.

Coyote Community College Essay

This paper tends to discuss the and review the types of measures included in each perspective of the Coyote Community College such as Funder/financial perspective, Student/participant perspective, Internal Process perspective, and Innovation and process perspective. In addition, this review paper also discusses about how these said perspectives are measured based from the description of the college and even the college’s environment. The Funder/Financial view includes the measures: State revenues ? Tuition and fees revenues ? Grant and foundation funding ? direct costs (Evans & 2007) The Student/Participant view includes the measures: Enrollment ? % of the citizen’s participating in programs and also events ? Student goal attainment ? Number of students completing their occupational degree and certificate programs ? passing rates on licensure and Certification exams ? Certificate programs ? Student success at transfer institutions ? Graduate placement rate ? Graduate hourly rage ? New Mexico state competency examination pass rates ? Student persistence ? course completion rate ? % Technology delivered offerings ? Responsiveness to request for courses and workshops ? Student/stakeholder satisfaction with programs and instructional services (Evans & 2007) The Internal Process view includes the measures: High value content of curricula ? Cycle time for curricula development ? Implementation of individualized learning ? Learner involvement in active learning ? Basic skills improvement ? Attainment of program competencies ? ESL/Remedial preparation for college eligibility ? Access for underserved groups ? Student satisfaction with student services ? Student satisfaction with support process The Innovation and Resource view includes the measures: Faculty/Staff satisfaction surveys ? Faculty/Staff retention ? ESL expertise ? Training and development in key areas ? Faculty and Staff technology tool availability ? Investment in technology to support learning programs (Evans & 2007) How measures are made In order to put the inputs for measuring each of the Coyote Community Colleges’ perspectives, they uses the â€Å"LEARN Philosophy† which basically stands for Learning Excellence, Assessment, and Recognize Needs (Evans & 200). The balanced scorecard that they use is called the LEARN board. It is explained that the institution’s stakeholders are represented although the four perspectives of the LEARNing board, since it is systemized in this kind of measurement, the leadership team are able to balance all of its stakeholder’s needs (Evans & 2007). In order to make and complete these measures on each and every perspective, the Vice President and the Dean of Instruction conducts a monthly meeting with the managers of the different offices’ reports. They do this to gain the reports regarding with the progress reviews towards their certain goals (Evans & 200). On the simplest explanation, the actual of the institution are obliged to submit their annual report to the Leadership Team, who on the other hand, summarizes all the performance made. This performance includes the relevant learning board measures during the current academic year. Therefore, in order to do the systemized measuring, the institution collects all the data from each and every actual, and then summarizes it to figure out whether they did or did not meet their institution’s goal. They base their measuring from all their institution’s perspectives. References Evans, J. R. , & , W. M. L. (2007). Managing for Quality and Performance Excellence (7th ed. ): Thomson South-Western.

George Mead Theory Essay

â€Å"the self is something which has a development; it is not initially there, at birth, but arises in the process of social experience and activity, that is, develops in the given individual as a result of his relations to that process as a whole and to other individuals within that process.† * was an American philosopher, sociologist and psychologist, primarily affiliated with the University of Chicago, where he was one of several distinguished pragmatists * He is regarded as one of the founders of social psychology and the American sociological tradition in general. * Mead is well-known for his theory of the social self, which is based on the central argument that the self is a social emergent. * Mead’s most widely read work, Mind, Self and Society, gives priority to society over the mind and highlights the idea that the social leads to the development of mental states. * Mind is a process, not a thing, and it is found in social phenomena rather than within individu als. * The self occupies a central place in Mead’s theory. * Self is essentially a social structure and it arises in social experience. It is the unique combination of the roles and individual play in relation to others – the complex blending of individual motivations and socially desirable responses. * The self consists of an â€Å"I† which the active side and as object, called â€Å"me†. * Infants begin with no self. As they learn to use the language and other symbols, the self emerges through play which involves taking the roles of significant others. * Gradually children move from simpler games to more complex ones involving others such as team sports. Mead called this generalized others to refer to the general cultural norms and values people use as references in evaluating others. * Mead defines self as the ability to take oneself as an object and identifies basic mechanism of the development of the self as reflexivity – the ability to put ourselves into the place of others and acts as they act. * Self can arise only through social experiences, and the traces its development to two stages in childhood: the play stage and game stage. * Play stage – children learn how to take the attitude of particular others themselves. * Game stage – children learn how to take the role of many others and the attitude of the generalized other. * I – is the immediate response of an individual to others; it is unpredictable and creative aspect of the self. * Me – is the organized set of attitudes of others that an individual assumes; it is how society dominates the individual and is a source of social control. Mead’s theory on social self * The social conception of the self entails that individual selves are the product of social interaction and not the logical or biological preconditions of that interaction. It is not initially there at birth but arises in the process of social experience and activity. * Language – allows individuals to take on the â€Å"role of the other† and allows people to respond to his or her own gestures in terms of symbolized attitudes of others. * Is communication via â€Å"significant symbols† and it is through significant communication that the individual is able to take the attitudes of others toward his/herself. Language is not only a â€Å"necessary mechanism† of the mind, but also the primary social foundation of self. * Play – individuals take on the roles of other people and pretend to be those other people in order to express the expectation of significant others. * This process of role-playing is the key to generation of self-consciousness and to the general development of the self. * In the play, the child takes the role of another and acts as though he/she were the other. This form of role-playing involves a single role at a time. Thus, the other which comes into the child’s experience in play is a â€Å"specific other† * Game – individual is required to internalize the roles of all others who are involved with him or her in the game and must comprehend the rules of the game. * Is the stage of social process at which * Generalized other- organized and generalized attitude of a social group. * consists of a composite of all those who contribute and participate in one’s society * The individual defines his or her own behavior with reference to the generalized attitude of the social group(s) they occupy. When an individual can view him/herself from the standpoint of the generalized other, self-consciousness in the full sense of the terms is attained. * Me – represents the expectations and the attitudes of others (generalized others). It is the organized set of attitudes others that the individual assumes. * Is the social self * The organized set of attitudes of others which one himself assumes * is that part of the â€Å"self† which comes about as a result of the individual’s internalization of society’s values and behavior expectations * I – is the response to the â€Å"me†, or the person’s individuality. * Response of the organism to the attitudes of others * is that part of the â€Å"self† which is spontaneous * Self – develops by internalizing the norms of one’s society * Significant other – are those with whom the individual has an â€Å"important† relationship

Happiness is… 7 Ways to Increase Your Contentment and Well-Being

Happiness is†¦ 7 Ways to Increase Your Contentment and Well-Being I have experienced a definite rise in my happiness level over the past year. I attribute it to personal growth work I’ve done, starting with the Transform! Training with Wright in Chicago, which I recommend to everyone. I attribute my increased sense of well-being to a new willingness to express my emotions honestly and with much less drama than I have in the past. I experience having more to talk about and less to be afraid of in relationships. I have more fun. I had judged my increased contentment as a purely personal phenomenon until I discovered that the entire world is getting happier! Flipping through the September issue of Success Magazine, I read that 71% of the world, according to the 2013 Gallup World Poll, reports experiencing positive emotions such as enjoyment, laughter, smiles, restfulness and respect; this number is up from 69% in 2012. Many people have written about happiness, and there is even a movie or two about it. Perhaps one of my first lessons in happiness came from the musical â€Å"You’re a Good Man Charlie Brown† in the song â€Å"Happiness Is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Click here to listen on YouTube). Here are the lyrics (which for some reason skip over â€Å"Happiness is a warm puppy† – but we know that one is true too!) Happiness is finding a pencil. Pizza with sausage. Telling the time. Happiness is learning to whistle. Tying your shoe for the very first time. Happiness is playing the drum in your own school band. And happiness is walking hand in hand. Happiness is two kinds of ice cream. Knowing a secret. Climbing a tree. Happiness is five different crayons. Catching a firefly. Setting him free. Happiness is being alone every now and then. And happiness is coming home again. Happiness is morning and evening, Daytime and night time too. For happiness is anyone and anything at all that’s loved by you. Happiness is having a sister. Sharing a sandwich. Getting along. Happiness is singing together when the day is through, And happiness is those who sing with you. Happiness is morning and evening, daytime and nighttime too. For happiness is anyone and anything at all that’s loved by you. [spoken] You’re a good man, Charlie Brown Although others have sung that happiness is a warm gun, I prefer the child-like sentiment of the Charlie Brown characters. They understand that objects, situations and people can bring us happiness if we choose to have them bring us happiness. I’m encouraged that more people are enjoying life, and, I imagine, appreciating things both big and small. Happiness, according to Gallup, is a valuable indicator of social unrest. Syria, for instance, had a 46% happiness rating in 2012 and that number plummeted 10 percentage points in 2013 to reach the bottom of the list. I certainly don’t know what Syrians can do to increase their happiness levels; I imagine it’s a chicken or egg phenomenon, where unhappiness breeds unrest and unrest breeds unhappiness. But for those of us in the United States (78%), especially those of us who lead relatively peaceful lives, it’s worth taking a look at what we can do to make our lives more enjoyable. Happiness in the world of Charlie Brown is easy to come by. And I think it can be easy to come by for most of us. Here are some things I believe can lead us in the â€Å"more happiness† direction: Responsibly express a full range of emotions. When we can recognize our fear, anger, sadness, pain and joy, and share those with others, we become more connected as human beings. Emotions are something we can all understand. We need to take responsibility for our experiences as opposed to being dramatic about our anger, hurt and pain. And if we can find the right balance, our communications can become much more intimate and satisfying. Take risks. Taking risks makes me feel alive. I don’t mean jumping off cliffs or out of airplanes; I mean saying or doing something I would not normally say or do, even though I’m terrified. It can be as simple for me as asking for a discounted admission to a gym when I’m traveling, even though I â€Å"know† I won’t get it (I got $5 off a $15 entrance fee). Or asking men to dance with me at a local street festival (I had more fun than I ever did waiting for men to ask me!). These acts of challenge get my heart pumping almost as much as if I were about to jump off an actual cliff. Break rules. As a historical rule-follower, I find that breaking unspoken or sometimes explicit rules can make my life a lot more fun. I have rules like I should not speak until someone else does – but speaking first or interrupting someone often makes a greater contribution to a conversation than waiting silently. I have a â€Å"rule† that I should not tell someone something I don’t like about them – but when I tell them, they often explain their behavior to me or even change it on the spot, creating more intimacy and connection. I used to have a â€Å"rule† that I should go to every event at a conference, especially the meals. But at my last conference, I went to a yoga class during lunch one day, and I’m glad I did! I’m discovering that there are many opportunities on a daily basis to break rules that are not serving me, and I definitely feel happier doing things differently. Celebrate your victories. Martin Seligman, Ph.D., founder of the positive psychology movement, determined that people who wrote down their positive experiences before bedtime every day for a week, and analyzed why they went well, increased their happiness for six months! Simply taking time to reflect on three good things that happened during your day will help you sleep better and increase your overall sense of well-being. Trust people. Cynicism, defined as the â€Å"belief that self-interest is the main motivation for other people’s actions† leads to dementia and higher mortality rates, according to a study in Finland by Anna-Maija Tolppanen, Ph.D. Previous reports have linked cynicism to heart disease. So if you are a cynic, and if you want to be happier and healthier, it’s time to literally change your mind! Focus on positive meaning. Going through life, there are a lot of things to â€Å"do.† Shawn Achor, a Harvard-trained researcher and author of Before Happiness, says we experience up to three times higher levels of productivity in our business lives when we focus on feelings of accomplishment, helping people, social connection, or the thrill of a sale. I imagine the same goes for our social lives. Focus on the bigger picture and the positive goal, and that â€Å"to do† list becomes a happiness generator instead of a drag! Set yourself up to win. If you’re like me, you like to accomplish goals, as opposed to fail at meeting them. One big key to accomplishing more goals is making them achievable in the first place! There’s no reason to go for a big goal and not celebrate until you meet it. There are a LOT of steps along the way to getting there. So rather than setting a goal of clearing out an entire basement, start with a goal like emptying one bin or box a day. That way you get to celebrate every day when you empty that one container, and before you know it you will have a much cleaner basement! You can have multiple wins every day just because you say you’ve won. This list of ways to increase our happiness is by no means comprehensive, but it sure is a good start. Charlie Brown’s experience of happiness is completely attainable in the non-cartoon world, and I for one want to live in a world where the simple things create more happiness. If more people take steps toward happiness, will Gallup find another uptick in 2014? What makes me happy is to think that the numbers will keep climbing.

0635 Name Eiyad KhairyGrade 8N Essays - Waves, Acoustics

0635 Name Eiyad KhairyGrade 8N Essays - Waves, Acoustics 0-635 Name: Grade 8(N) MYP Science Title: Sound Key concept: Relationships Related concepts: Relationships / Models / interaction Global contexts: Identities and relationships / Roles and role models Topic: The sound wave Statement of inquiry: Models can represent the structural and functional relationship between sound and energy. Inquiry questions: Factual: What is the sound? Conceptual: How do sound travel through mediums? Debatable: What are the applications based on echo? MYP Assessment Criteria B- Inquiring and designing C- Processing and evaluating Writing a lab report about The sound wave Due date is before Tuesday 17/3/2015 Theoretical background Waves transmit energy without transmitting matter. This means that waves can move energy (or information) from one place to another without moving any substance (stuff) from one place to another. The amount of energy which a wave depends on its amplitude. Longitudinal waves move through substance backwards and forwards. After the wave has gone, the substance is back where it started but energy has been carried by the wave from its origin (where it begins) to its destination (where it finishes). The sound wave is a longitudinal wave. It cant travel through a vacuum (nothing), when a longitudinal wave moves through a material, the particles of the material move backwards and forwards along the direction in which the wave is travelling. Below is a picture of a longitudinal wave travelling along a slinky. Rarefaction is the name given to the region where the slinky is pulled apart. Compression is the name given to the region where the slinky is pushed together. The wavelength can be measured as the distance between the centers of two compressions. Wavelength is given the symbol l (Greek lambda), and is measured in meters because it is a distance. Denoted by . Frequency is defined as "the number of complete cycles (complete waves or vibrations) in one second". Hertz is the unit of frequency (symbol Hz). Denoted by . The period of a wave is defined as "the time taken for one complete cycle or vibration". Denoted by T. The wave equation links between frequency and wavelength: Speed = frequency x wavelength v=f f= 1T= ntWhere: v is speed measuren in [M/s] f is frequency measured in [Hz]T is periodic time time needed to complete one cycle measured in [s] N is the number of vibrations T is total time of vibrations measured in [s] Aims: In this investigation you will be able to: Use slinky to calculate the frequency of a wave. Materials: Slinky Stopwatch Meter stick Task: Your task is to write a lab report about longitudinal waves. Procedure Stretch the slinky between two group members without making it too tight. Make sure the slinky is lying on the floor (as shown in figure 1 below) Create a longitudinal wave pulse by pushing the slinky forward parallel to it. The slinky should still be in a straight line and the wave pulse (squished up part) should travel to the other end of the slinky. Measure the distance that the wave travels between people (the length of the slinky) in meters and record this in table 1. The third person should time the wave through this distance, from one person to another. Enter this time into table 1. You will record the time it takes the longitudinal wave to travel from one person to another for a total of three separate times. These times will not be exactly the same, but should be close to each other. The fourth person should count the number of pulses pass through the slinky for each time. Average these times and enter the average in table 1. To average the time add them up and divide by their number. average time= time1+time2+time33Calculate the speed of this longitudinal wave using the wave equation: speedms=distance traveled (m)time (s)Record the speed of this longitudinal wave you calculated into table 1 in meters per second. Show your work and calculation in analysis part. Communicate scientific information effectively using scientific language correctly. Present all the information appropriately using symbolic and/or visual representation accurately according to the chosen application. Figure 1 Part 1: Introduction Problem statement: How does the amount of vibration affect the frequency? Hypothesis: If the amount of vibration increases then the frequency will increase. Explaining the hypothesis: The frequency will increase because it depends on the amount of vibration speed. Dependent Variable: Frequency Independent Variable: The amount of vibration Controlled variables: Time: (1 min) Equipment: Slinky Stopwatch Meter stick Procedure: I stretched the slinky between

Facts About the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor

Facts About the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor In the early morning of Dec. 7, 1941, the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, was attacked by the Japanese military. At the time, Japans military leaders thought the attack would neutralize American forces, allowing Japan to dominate the Asia Pacific region. Instead, the deadly strike drew the U.S. into World War II, making it a truly global conflict. These are the most important facts that should be recalled about this historical event. What Is Pearl Harbor? Pearl Harbor is a natural deepwater naval port on the Hawaiian island of Oahu, located just west of Honolulu. At the time of the attack, Hawaii was an American territory, and the military base at Pearl Harbor was home to the U.S. Navys Pacific Fleet.   U.S.-Japan Relations Japan had embarked on an aggressive campaign of military expansion in Asia, beginning with its invasion of Manchuria (modern-day Korea) in 1931. As the decade progressed, the Japanese military pushed into China and French Indochina (Vietnam) and rapidly built up its armed forces. By the summer of 1941, the U.S. had cut off most trade with Japan to protest that nations belligerence, and diplomatic relations between the two nations were very tense. Negotiations that November between the U.S. and Japan went nowhere. Lead-Up to the Attack The Japanese military began laying plans to attack Pearl Harbor as early as January 1941. Although it was Japanese  Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto  who initiated the plans for the attack  on  Pearl Harbor, Commander Minoru Genda was the plans chief architect. The Japanese used the  code name  Operation Hawaii for the attack. This later changed to Operation Z. Six aircraft carriers left Japan for Hawaii on Nov. 26, carrying a total of 408 fighter craft, joining five midget submarines that had departed a day earlier. Japans military planners specifically chose to attack on a Sunday because they believed Americans would be more relaxed and thus less alert on a weekend. In the hours before the attack, the Japanese attack force stationed itself approximately 230 miles north of Oahu. The Japanese Strike At 7:55 a.m. on Sunday, Dec. 7, the first wave of Japanese fighter planes struck; the second wave of attackers would come 45 minutes later. In a little under two hours, 2,335 U.S. servicemen were killed and 1,143 were wounded. Sixty-eight civilians were also killed and 35 were wounded. The Japanese lost 65 men, with an additional soldier being captured. The Japanese had two major objectives: Sink Americas aircraft carriers and destroy its fleet of fighter planes. By chance, all three U.S. aircraft carriers were out to sea. Instead, the Japanese focused on the Navys eight battleships at Pearl Harbor, all of which were named after American states: Arizona, California, Maryland, Nevada, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Japan also targeted nearby Army airfields at Hickam Field, Wheeler Field, Bellows Field, Ewa Field, Schoefield Barracks, and Kaneohe Naval Air Station. Many of the U.S. airplanes were lined up outside,  along with the airstrips, wingtip to wingtip, in order to avoid sabotage. Unfortunately, that made them easy targets for the Japanese attackers. Caught unawares, U.S. troops and commanders scrambled to get planes in the air and ships out of the harbor, but they were able to muster only a feeble defense, largely from the ground. The Aftermath All eight U.S. battleships were either sunk or damaged during the attack. Amazingly, all but two (the USS Arizona  and the USS Oklahoma) were eventually able to return to active duty. The USS Arizona  exploded when a bomb breached its forward magazine (the ammunition room). Approximately 1,100 U.S. servicemen died on board. After being torpedoed, the  USS Oklahoma  listed so badly that it turned upside down. During the attack, the  USS Nevada  left its berth in Battleship Row and tried to make it to the harbor entrance. After being repeatedly attacked on its way, the  USS Nevada  beached itself. To aid their airplanes, the Japanese sent in five midget subs to help target the battleships. The Americans sunk four of the midget subs and captured the fifth. In all, nearly 20 American naval vessels and about 300 aircraft were damaged or destroyed in the attack. The U.S. Declares War The day following the attack on Pearl Harbor, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed a joint session of Congress, seeking a declaration of war against Japan. In what would become one of his most memorable speeches, Roosevelt declared that Dec. 7, 1941, would be a date that will live in infamy.  Only one legislator, Rep. Jeanette Rankin of Montana, voted against the declaration of war. On Dec. 8, Japan officially declared war against the U.S., and three days later, Germany followed suit. World War II had begun.